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Process (computing) In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are rooted in an operating system (OS) process which comprises the program code ...
Process identifier. In computing, the process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels —such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows —to uniquely identify an active process. This number may be used as a parameter in various function calls, allowing processes to be manipulated, such as adjusting the ...
File descriptor. In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor ( FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier ( handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket. File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no ...
Execution of process creation system call by a running process. A user request to create a new process. Initiation of a batch job. When an operating system is booted, typically several processes are created. Some of these are foreground processes, that interact with a (human) user and perform work for them.
System call. A high-level overview of the Linux kernel's system call interface, which handles communication between its various components and the userspace. In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system [ a] on which it is executed.
A process control block ( PCB ), also sometimes called a process descriptor, is a data structure used by a computer operating system to store all the information about a process . When a process is created (initialized or installed), the operating system creates a corresponding process control block, which specifies and tracks the process state ...
Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix -based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes ...
In Unix-like operating systems, every process except process 0 (the swapper) is created when another process executes the fork() system call. The process that invoked fork is the parent process and the newly created process is the child process. Every process (except process 0) has one parent process, but can have many child processes. The ...