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  2. Net present value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_present_value

    The net present value ( NPV) or net present worth ( NPW) [1] is a way of measuring the value of an asset that has cashflow by adding up the present value of all the future cash flows that asset will generate. The present value of a cash flow depends on the interval of time between now and the cash flow because of the Time value of money (which ...

  3. Substitute good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_good

    Substitute good. In microeconomics, substitute goods are two goods that can be used for the same purpose by consumers. [1] That is, a consumer perceives both goods as similar or comparable, so that having more of one good causes the consumer to desire less of the other good. Contrary to complementary goods and independent goods, substitute ...

  4. Net (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_(economics)

    A net (sometimes written nett) value is the resultant amount after accounting for the sum or difference of two or more variables. In economics, it is frequently used to imply the remaining value after accounting for a specific, commonly understood deduction. In these cases it is contrasted with the term gross, which refers to the pre-deduction ...

  5. Present value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_value

    Present value. In economics and finance, present value ( PV ), also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is usually less than the future value because money has interest -earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money ...

  6. Discounts and allowances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounts_and_allowances

    Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.. They can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer ...

  7. Cost-plus pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-plus_pricing

    Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [1] [2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.

  8. Prices of production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_production

    t. e. Prices of production (or "production prices"; in German Produktionspreise) is a concept in Karl Marx 's critique of political economy, defined as "cost-price + average profit". [ 1] A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; [ 2] it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services ...

  9. Net asset value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_asset_value

    Net asset value (NAV) is the value of an entity's assets minus the value of its liabilities, often in relation to open-end, mutual funds, hedge funds, and venture capital funds. [1] [2] Shares of such funds registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are usually bought and redeemed at their net asset value. [3]